Assam is known for the large variety of flora and fauna. It is the home of the world famous one-horned rhinoceros and other rare species of wildlife, which are on the verge of extinction. Besides Africa, there is perhaps no other part of the world where such a wide variety of wildlife exists. Some of the famous national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in Assam are the Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Nameri National Park, Orang National Park and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary.
 

The Kaziranga National Park is the first and the oldest national park in Assam. This national park is situated in the Golaghat District, about 217 kms from Guwahati. It is also a World Heritage site. Kaziranga National Park is spread over an area of 430 square kms. and the natural home of the great one-horned Indian rhinoceros. Kaziranga was declared as a national park in 1974 and the landscape of Kaziranga consists of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes and shallow pools. Elephant, Indian bison, Swamp Deer, Samber, Hog Deer, Sloth Bear, Tiger, Leopard cat, Jungle cat, Capped langur, Hollock gibbon, Jackal and Goose, Hornbills, Ibis, Cormorants, Egret and Heron fishing eagle can also be seen in this park. During winter, a large number of migratory birds can also be seen here. The Park can be visited by jeep, car or on the back of the elephant. The best season to visit the park is from November to April.

The Manas National Park is the only tiger project in Assam. This national park is situated in Barpeta District, about 176 kms from Guwahati. The Manas National Park is one of the India's most magnificent national park and a well known World heritage site. It is situated on the banks of the river Manas at the foothills of the Himalayas. It covers an area of 519.77 square kms. Some of the wildlife animals which can be seen in this park are the Tigers, Hispid Hare, Pigmy Hog, Golden Langur, Indian Rhinoceros, Asiatic Buffalo, Elephant, Leopard, Clouded Leopard, Himalayan Bear, Wild Boar, Sambar, Swamp Deer, Hog Deer etc. Hundreds of the birds like Riverchats (White Capped Redstars), Forktails, Cormorants, Ruddy Shelduck, Indian Hornbill and the Great Pied Hornbill migrate here during winter. The best season to visit this park is from November to April.

The Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is the fourth National Park of Assam, that lies partly in Dibrugarh district and partly in Tinsukia district. This national park covers an area of about 340 square kms. Of the seven parts of the park one part is wet land and the rest is mainly grassland and dense forest. The main attractions of this park are its semi-wild horse and White winged Wood Duck. Besides this, other animals like Leopard, Clouded Leopard, Elephant, Sambar, Slow Loris, Indian wild water Buffalo, Capped Langur, Gangetic River Dolphin, Indian Wild Dog can be seen in this park. More than 250 varieties of local and migratory birds are also found in this park. The best season to visit this park is from November to March.

Nameri National Park is situated at the foot hills of eastern Himalayas, about 35 km. from Tezpur. Nameri National Park covers an area of about 200 square km. Hills, deciduous forests and the river Jia Bhoroli have all added a unique charm to it. Many wildlife animals are found here like the Tiger, Elephant, Leopard, Indian Bison, Sloth Bear, Himalayan Black Bear, Pangolin, Indian Wild Dog, Civet Cat, Capped Langur etc. Nameri is a heaven for bird watchers which include the most endangered White Winged Wood duck, four species of Hornbill and small and beautiful Scarlet Minivet. Various species of reptiles, butterflies and moths are also found in this National Park. Atlas Moth with a wing span of more than 10 inches has also been spotted here. The best season to visit this park is from October to April.

Orang National Park is also known as a mini Kaziranga National Park and covers an area of 78.81 square kms. The Orang National Park is situated in the Darrang District of Assam, about 150 kms from Guwahati and 31 kms from Tezpur. Sixty percent of the park is covered by grassland. The animals that can be seen in the Orang National Park are the One-horned Rhinoceros, Leopard, Elephant, Sambar, Barking Deer and Tiger. Besides the animals, varieties of water birds, Green Pigeon, Florican, Teal , Goose, Pelican, Cormorant, Greylag Goose, Large Whistling Tea Great Adjutant Stork, King Vulture etc. can also be seen in this park.

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Morigaon district of Assam, about 60 kms from Guwahati. Pobitora is one of the major wildlife sanctuaries of Assam. This wildlife sanctuary covers an area of 38.8 square km. Pobitora is mainly famous for its Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros. Other animals such as the Asiatic Buffalo, Leopard, Wild Bear, Civet Cat etc. are also found here. More than 200 birds and various
reptiles are found in this sanctuary. The best season to visit this sanctuary is from November to March.