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Tso Kar
About Tso Kar Lake

The Tso Kar or Tsho kar, is known for its depth and size,It is a fluctuating salt lake located in Rapshu in the southern part of Ladakh in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.The Tso Kar lies 160 km south of Leh; the Leh Manali road passes 30 km west of it. The lake is 540 km east of Srinagar, the capital of the state.

 
Geography and Climate of Tso Kar Lake

The Tso Kar is linked by an inlet stream at its south-west end to a small lake, Startsapuk Tso, and together they form the 9 km2 More plains pool, which is dominated by the peaks of two mountains, Gursan (6370 m) and Thugje (6050 m). From the geology of the More Plains, it can be concluded that the Tso Kar in historical times ranged up to this high valley. Until a few years ago the lake was a vital source of salt, which the Changpa nomads used to export to Tibet. The nomadic settlement of Thugje is situated 3 km in the north. There is a tented camp on the west bank of the lake which provides accommodation facilities for the tourists.

The climate is extreme in the winter due to the high altitude; temperatures below -40°C are not uncommon. In the summer the temperature rises above 30°C, with extreme fluctuations during the day. Precipitation in the form of either rain or snow is extremely rare.

 
Flora and Fauna

The inlets of the Tso Kar are the basis of non-saline water; pondweeds and basic nettles grow there, which form floating islands of vegetation in the spring and dying off in the winter. Sedge and huge numbers of buttercups grow on the shores of Startsapuk Tso and of the tributaries of the Tso Kar, while several parts of the high basin are marked by steppe vegetation spread with tragacanth and pea bushes. The shore of Tso Kar is partially covered with a salt crust, which keeps vegetation away from the inflows.

Most of the resident fauna is found in its tributaries and in Startsapuk Tso due to the salinity of the Tso Kar. There are large breeding colonies of Brown-headed gulls and grebes, and some Strip geese, rust geese and terns. In the environs of the lake Black-necked Cranes and Tibetan grouse are relatively common. The basin of the Tso Kar and the adjacent More Plains constitute one of the most significant habitats of the kiang, Tibetan gazelles, Tibetan wolves and foxes; there are steppe marmots in the higher reaches. Yaks and horses are kept by the nomads.

Currently the lake basin has no special protection, but there are plans to include it within a national park which may be established in the highlands of south-eastern Ladakh.

 


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